Security Event Token (SET)Oracle Corporationphil.hunt@yahoo.comSalesforce.comwdenniss@google.comCiscomorteza.ansari@cisco.comIdentityEventTokenInternet-DraftThis specification defines the Security Event token which may
be distributed via a protocol such as HTTP. A Security Event Token
(SET) is based on the JSON Web Token and may be optionally signed
and/or encrypted. A SET describes a statement of fact that may be
shared by an event publisher with registered subscribers.This specification defines an extensible security event token
(SET) format which may be exchanged using protocols such as HTTP.
The specification builds on the JSON Web Token format
in order to provide a self-contained token that can be optionally
signed using JSON Web Signature
and/or encrypted using JSON Web Encryption .For the purpose of this specification an event is a statement
of fact by a publisher (also known as the event issuer) that the state of
a security subject (e.g. a web resource, token, IP address) it
controls or is aware of, has changed in some way (explicitly or
implicitly). A security subject may be permanent (e.g. a User account) or
temporary (e.g. a login session) in nature. A state change
may include direct changes of entity state, implicit changes to state
or other higher-level security statements such as:
The creation, modification, removal of a resource.The reseting or suspension of an account.The revoking of a security token prior to its expiry.The logout of a user session. Or, A cumulative conclusion such as to indicate that a user has
taken over an email identifier that may have been used in the
past by another user.Based on some agreed upon criteria for an event feed,
the publisher distributes events to the appropriate subscribers.
While an event may be delivered via synchronous means (e.g. HTTP POST),
the distribution of the event often happens asynchronously to the
change of state which generated the security event. As an example,
an OAuth2 Authorization server ,
having received a token revocation request ,
may issue a token revocation event to downstream web resource
providers. Having been informed of a token revocation, the OAuth2 web
resource service provider may add the token identifier to its
local revocation list assuming the token has not already expired.A subscriber having received an event, validates and interprets the
event and takes its own independent action, if any. For example,
having been informed of a personal identifier now being associated
with a different security subject (i.e. is being used by someone-else), the
subscriber may choose to ensure that the new user is not granted
access to resources associated with the previous user. Or it may
not have any relationship with the subject and no action is taken.While subscribers will often take actions upon receiving one
or more events, events MUST NOT be assumed to be commands or requests.
To do so requires complex bi-directional signals and error recovery
mechanisms which fall outside the scope of this specification.
The intent of this specification is to define a way of exchanging
statements of fact that subscribers may interpret for their own
purposes. Since events are typically historical statements by a publisher
and are not commands, idempotency or lack there of, does not apply.Unless otherwise specified, this specification uses example
events intended as non-normative examples showing how an event may be
used. It is expected that other specifications will use
this specification to define normative events.This specification is scoped to security and identity related events.
While event tokens may be used for other purposes, the specification
only considers security and privacy concerns relevant to identity
and personal information.The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in . These keywords are capitalized when used to
unambiguously specify requirements of the protocol or application
features and behavior that affect the inter-operability and security of
implementations. When these words are not capitalized, they are meant
in their natural-language sense.For purposes of readability examples are not URL encoded.
Implementers MUST percent encode URLs as described in Section 2.1 of.Throughout this documents all figures MAY contain spaces and extra
line-wrapping for readability and space limitations. Similarly, some
URI's contained within examples, have been shortened for space and
readability reasons.
The following definitions are used with Identity Events:
The Feed Publisher provides
events to be distributed to registered subscribers. In JWT
terminology, the Feed Publisher is also known as the issuer
iss).
An event is a
security event token that is a statement that is to be
distributed to one or more registered subscribers. An event is
constructed as a JWT token and MAY be signed or encrypted using
JWS/JWE for authentication and confidentiality reasons.
A feed a logical
grouping of events or a context under which events may be issued.
An interested client registers with the Feed Publisher to subscribe
to events associated with a feed. How a feed is defined or
the method for subscription is out-of-scope of this specification.
A Subscriber registers to receive event
notifications from a Feed Publisher using a protocol such as
HTTP. The method of registration and delivery is out-of-scope
of this specification.
The security subject about which
the event is about. A security subject may be a principle
(e.g. Section 4.1.2), a web resource,
or other thing such as an IP address about which an Event is about.A SET conveys a statement (in the form of a JWT token
) about a Security Subject that may be of
interest to a subscriber or set of subscribers receiving events from
a Feed Publisher.The schema and structure of an event follows the JWT
specification. An event token has the following characteristics:
a common set of attributes common to every event at the top level
including an events attribute describing the type of event, andone or more JSON sub-objects
that attributes associated with an event URI value. The attributes
to be included with any particular event are to be defined by the event
as specified by the event URI value in the events
attribute.
In addition to the JWT attributes iss
and aud, an SET contains the
attribute events with at least one
URI value used to indicate the type of event that has occurred and what
information (attributes) may be present in the event token.
and what type of event (e.g. resource modified) is contained in the
event token.An event MAY contain an attribute for each value of events
whose value is a JSON object (also known as an event extension object)
that contains additional attributes relevant to the specified event URI.
For example, many events will include an iss
that identifies the context of the Security Subject being reported
(as distinct from the issuer of the SET), and a sub or
jti or some other attribute that uniquely identifies
the Security Subject. The following is a non-normative example showing a password change event
that conveys a SCIM event (see ):{
"jti": "3d0c3cf797584bd193bd0fb1bd4e7d30",
"events":[
"urn:ietf:params:scim:event:passwordReset",
"https://example.com/scim/event/password"
],
"iat": 1458496025,
"iss": "https://scim.example.com",
"aud":[
"https://jhub.example.com/Feeds/98d52461fa5bbc879593b7754",
"https://jhub.example.com/Feeds/5d7604516b1d08641d7676ee7"
],
"urn:ietf:params:scim:event:passwordReset":{
"id":"44f6142df96bd6ab61e7521d9",
"sub":
"https://scim.example.com/Users/44f6142df96bd6ab61e7521d9"
},
"https://example.com/scim/event/password":{
"resetAttempts":5
}
}The event in the figure above expresses hypothetical password
reset event for SCIM . The JWT consists of:An events attribute specifying the hypothetical
SCIM urn (urn:ietf:params:scim:event:passwordReset)
for a password reset, and a custom extension,
https://example.com/scim/event/password,
that is used to provide additional event information presumably
specified by the location URI provided.An iss
attribute which denotes the event publisher.The aud attribute specifies the
intended audience for the event. In practical terms this MAY be
the URI for the event feed that a client has subscribed to.
Additional extensions to an event may be added by adding more
values to the events attribute. For
each event URI value specified, there MAY be a corresponding
attribute that has a JSON object that contains the attributes
associated with that event (e.g.
https://example.com/scim/event/password).
In this example, the SCIM event indicates that a password has been updated
and the current password reset count is 5. Notice that the value for
"resetAttempts" is actually part of its own JSON object
https://example.com/scim/event/password.
Here is another example event token, this one
for a Logout Token:{
"iss": "https://server.example.com",
"aud": "s6BhdRkqt3",
"jti": "3d0c3cf797584bd193bd0fb1bd4e7d30",
"iat": 1458668180,
"exp": 1458668580,
"events": [
"https://specs.openid.net/logout"
],
"https://specs.openid.net/logout": {
"iss": "https://token.example.com",
"sub": "248289761001",
"jti": "08a5019c-17e1-4977-8f42-65a12843ea02"
}
}In the above example, the event has its own issuer,
https://server.example.com while the event is
about the logging out of a user session identified in the event
extension by jti
that was issued by https://token.example.com.
In the following example, a fictional medical service collects
consent for medical actions and notifies other parties. The individual
for whom consent is identified was originally authenticated via
OpenID Connect. In this case, the issuer of the SET event is an
application rather than the OpenID provider:{
"jti": "fb4e75b5411e4e19b6c0fe87950f7749",
"events":[
"https://openid.net/heart/consent.html"
],
"iat": 1458496025,
"iss": "https://my.examplemed.com",
"aud":[
"https://examplemedlab/Feeds/98d52461fa5bbc879593b7754"
],
"https://openid.net/heart/consent":{
"iss": "https://token.example.com",
"sub": "248289761001",
"consentUri":[
"https://terms.examplemed.com/labdisclosure.html#Agree"
]
}
}
In the above example iss and sub
contained within the attribute https://openid.net/heart/consent, refer
to the subject and issuer of the original OpendID Provider. They are
distinct from the top level value of iss
which always refers to the issuer of the event; a medical consent
service that is a relying party to the OpenID Provider.
The following are attributes that are based on
claim definitions and are profiled for use in an event
token:As defined by
Section 4.1.7 contains a unique
identifier for an event. The identifier SHOULD be unique within
a particular event feed and MAY be used by clients to track
whether a particular event has already been received. This
attribute is REQUIRED.A single valued
String containing the URI of the service provider publishing
the event (the issuer). This attribute is REQUIRED.A multi-valued String containing the URIs
representing the audience of the event. Values are typically URLs of
the feeds the event is associated with. When an event has
multiple audiences that go to the same subscriber, the publisher is not
obligated to deliver repeated events to the same subscriber.
This attribute is RECOMMENDED.As defined by Section 4.1.6,
a value containing a NumericDate which represents when the
event was issued. Unless otherwise specified,
the value SHOULD be interpreted by the subscriber as equivalent
to the actual time of the event. This attribute is REQUIRED.
As defined by
Section 4.1.5, a value
containing a NumericDate which represents a future date when
the event will occur. This attribute is OPTIONAL.The following is a new attribute defined by this specification:A multi-valued
String that contains the URIs of event types contained
within the JWT. Values in this attribute further indicate
what other JSON objects are present within the parent JSON
event structure. Each OPTIONAL JSON sub-object is denoted
by an attribute that matches a value in
events. This attribute is
REQUIRED.A SET is a JWT that is
constructed by building a JSON structure that constitutes an event
object and which is then used as the body of a JWT.While this specification uses JWT to convey a SET, implementers
SHALL NOT use SETs to convey authentication or authorization assertions.The
following is an example event token (it has been modified
for readability):{
"jti": "4d3559ec67504aaba65d40b0363faad8",
"iat": 1458496404,
"iss": "https://scim.example.com",
"aud":[
"https://scim.example.com/Feeds/98d52461fa5bbc879593b7754",
"https://scim.example.com/Feeds/5d7604516b1d08641d7676ee7"
],
"events":[
"urn:ietf:params:scim:event:create"
],
"urn:ietf:params:scim:event:create":{
"ref": "https://scim.example.com/Users/44f6142df96bd6ab61e7521d9",
"attributes":["id","name","userName","password","emails"],
"values":{
"emails":[
{"type":"work","value":"jdoe@example.com"}
],
"password":"not4u2no",
"userName":"jdoe",
"id":"44f6142df96bd6ab61e7521d9",
"name":{
"givenName":"John",
"familyName":"Doe"
}
}
}
}When transmitted, the above JSON body must be converted into a JWT
as per . In this
example, because the event contains attribute values, the token MUST
be encrypted per JWE (see ) before transmission.The following is an example of a SCIM Event expressed in
an unsecured JWT token. The JWT header of:{"alg":"none"}Base64url encoding of the octets of the UTF-8
representation of the header yields:eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0The example JSON Event Data is encoded as
follows: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 encoded JWS signature is the empty string.
Concatenating the parts yields:eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0
.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.To create and or validate a signed or encrypted SET follow
the instructions in section 7 of .SETs may often contain sensitive information. Therefore
methods for distribution of events SHOULD require the use of a
transport-layer security mechanism when distributing events.
Parties MUST support TLS 1.2 and MAY support
additional transport-layer mechanisms meeting its security
requirements. When using TLS, the client MUST perform a TLS/SSL server
certificate check, per . Implementation
security considerations for TLS can be found in "Recommendations for
Secure Use of TLS and DTLS" .Security Events distributed through third-parties or that carry personally
identifiable information, SHOULD be encrypted using JWE
or secured for confidentiality by other means.
Security Events distributed without authentication over the channel, such
as via TLS ( and ),
and/or OAuth2 , or Basic Authentication ,
MUST be signed using JWS so
that individual events MAY be authenticated and validated by the subscriber.If an SET needs to be retained for audit purposes, JWS MAY
be used to provide verification of its authenticity.Event Publishers should attempt to specialize feeds so that the content
is targeted to the specific business and protocol needs of subscribers.When sharing personally identifiable information or information
that is otherwise considered confidential to affected users, the
publishers and subscribers MUST have the appropriate legal agreements
and user consent in place.The propagation of subject identifiers can be perceived as personally
identifiable information. Where possible, publishers and subscribers
should devise approaches the prevents propagation. For example the
passing of a hash value that requires the subscriber to already know
the subject.There are no IANA requirements.SCIM Event Extensions (work in progress)Oracle CorporationThe editor would like to thank the participants in the id-events
mailing list and related working groups for their support of this specification.Draft 00 - PH - First DraftDraft 01 - PH - Fixed some alignment issues with JWT. Remove event type attribute.Draft 02 - PH - Renamed to Security Events, Removed questions, clarified examples and intro text, and added security and privacy section.