Network Working Group                                          A. Newton
Internet-Draft                                            VeriSign, Inc.
Expires: February 12, 2003                               August 14, 2002


              Internet Registry Information Service (IRIS)
                       draft-ietf-crisp-iris-core

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on February 12, 2003.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document describes an application layer client-server protocol
   for a framework of representing the query and result operations of
   the information services of Internet registries. Specified in XML,
   the protocol defines generic query and result operations and a
   mechanism for extending these operations for specific registry
   service needs.









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Table of Contents

   1.    Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   1.1   Use of XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   1.2   General Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   1.3   Framework Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.4   Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.    Protocol Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.1   Protocol Identification  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.2   Request Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   2.2.1 <serviceInquiry> Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   2.2.2 <registrySearch> Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   2.3   Response Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   2.3.1 <messsageStatus> Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   2.3.2 <serviceResult> Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   2.3.3 <registryResult> Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   3.    Extension Framework  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   3.1   Derived Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   3.2   Registry Identifier Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   3.3   Entity Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   3.4   Names of Entities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   3.5   References to Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   4.    URI Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   5.    Database Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   6.    Formal XML Syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   7.    Internationalization Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   8.    IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   9.    Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
         References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
         Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   A.    Document Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   B.    Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   C.    Considerations on XML-based RPC's  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
         Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

















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1. Introduction

   The specification outlined in this document is based on the
   functional requirements described in CRISP[1].

1.1 Use of XML

   This document describes the specification for the Internet Registry
   Information Service (IRIS), an XML text protocol with the purpose of
   describing the query types and result types of various registry
   information services. IRIS is specified using the Extensible Markup
   Language (XML) 1.0 as described in [2], XML Schema notation as
   described in [4] and [5], and XML Namespaces as described in [3].

   It is important to note that XML is case sensitive. XML
   specifications and examples provided in this document MUST be
   interpreted in the exact character case presented to develop a
   conforming implementation.

1.2 General Concepts

   Each type of Internet registry, such as address, routing, and
   domain, are identified by a registry identifier (ID). This registry
   identifier is a URI, more specifically a URN, used within the XML
   instances to identify the XML schema formally describing the set of
   queries, results, and entity classes allowed within that type of
   registry.

   A registry information server may handle queries and serve results
   for multiple registry types. Each registry type that a particular
   registry operator serves is a registry service instance.

   IRIS and the XML schema formally describing IRIS do not specify any
   registry, registry identifier, or knowledge of a particular service
   instance or set of instances. IRIS is a specification for a
   framework with which these registries can be defined, used, and in
   some cases interoperate. The framework merely specifies the elements
   for registry identification and the elements which must be used to
   derive query elements and result elements.

   This framework allows a registry type to define its own structure
   for naming, entities, queries, etc. through the use of XML
   namespaces and XML schemas (hence, a registry type is identified by
   the same URI that identifies its XML namespace). In order to be
   useful, a registry type's specification must extend from this
   framework.

   The framework does define certain structures that can be common to
   all registry types, such as references to entities, search


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   continuations, entity classes, and more. A registry type may declare
   its own definitions for all of these, or it may mix its derived
   definitions with the base definitions.

   IRIS defines two types of referrals, an entity URI and a search
   continuation. An entity URI indicates specific knowledge about an
   individual entity, and a search continuation allows for distributed
   searches. Both types may span differing registry types and
   instances. No assumptions or specifications are made about roots,
   bases, or meshes of entities.

   Finally, the IRIS framework attempts to be transport neutral. 

1.3 Framework Layers

   The IRIS framework can conceptually be thought of as having three
   layers.

                            ----------------------------
         Registry-Specific  |domain | address | routing|
                            ----------------------------
           Common-Registry  |          IRIS            |
                            ----------------------------
     Application-Transport  |      beep, etc...        |
                            ----------------------------

   The differing layers have the following responsibilities:

      Registry-Specific :: Defines queries, results, and entity classes
      of a specific type of registry. Each specific type of registry is
      identified by a URN.

      Common-Registry :: Defines base operations and semantics common
      to all registry types such as referrals, entity references, etc.
      It also defines the syntaxes for talking about specific registry
      types (using the registry ID's).

      Application-Transport :: Defines the mechanisms for
      authentication, message passing, connection and session
      management, etc. It also defines the URI syntax specific to the
      application-transport mechanism.

1.4 Definitions

   For clarity, the following definitions are supplied:

      registry identifier (ID) - The identifier used to specify a
      particular type of registry.



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      registry type - A registry serving a specific function, such as a
      domain registry or an address registry. Each type of registry is
      assigned a registry identifier.

      registry schema - The definition for a registry type specifying
      the queries, results, and entity classes.

      entity class - A group of entities with a common type or common
      set of characteristics.

      entity name - The identifier used to refer to a single entity
      within an entity class.

      entity URI - A formal pointer to an entity. This URI contains a
      registry ID, entity class, and entity name.

   The terms "derivative", "derive", and "derivation" are used with the
   same meaning for deriving one type of element from another as
   specified in XML_SS[5].
































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2. Protocol Description

   Each protocol data unit MUST be one and only one complete and valid
   XML instance. The XML instance MUST contain either one request
   element or one response element.

   No requirements are made concerning the synchronization of the
   request and the response in this document. However, a transport
   mapping of IRIS MAY make such requirements if necessary. In
   addition, no methods are provided in this document for session or
   connection creation or termination; a transport mapping of IRIS MAY
   make such requirements if necessary.

   The following description of the protocol does not describe every
   detailed aspect necessary for implementation. While reading these
   following sections, please reference Section 6 for needed details on
   the formal XML specification.

2.1 Protocol Identification

   The root element of all IRIS XML instances must be <iris>. This
   element identifies the start of the IRIS elements, the XML namespace
   used as the identifier for IRIS, and the location of the schema.
   This element and the associated closing tag MUST be applied to all
   requests and responses sent by both clients and servers. 

   An example: 

   <iris xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1 iris.xsd">
   </iris>

   The use of the schema location URI in the <xsi:schemaLocation>
   element is OPTIONAL with respect to its use by this specification,
   and IRIS implementations MAY resolve it to retrieve the schema or
   they MAY use a locally cached version of the schema. The presence of
   this URI is mandatory according to [5]. The URI MUST be a valid URI,
   and SHOULD resolve if the appropriate network resources are
   available.

   Versioning of the IRIS protocol is the responsibility of the
   application-transport layer but MUST be associated with the XML
   namespace[3] URI representing IRIS. A change in this URI indicates a
   change of the underlying schema and therefore a new version of the
   protocol.





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2.2 Request Format

   A <request> element holds children representing the different
   requests that can be made from a client to a server.

2.2.1 <serviceInquiry> Request

   The <serviceInquiry> element enables the client to query for a list
   of registry identifiers. 

2.2.2 <registrySearch> Request

   The <registrySearch> element enables a client to query a particular
   registry identified by its registry ID. It may have two element
   types as children: <lookupEntity> and <query>.

   The children of the <lookupEntity> element are the <entityName> and
   <entityClass> elements. The 'registryID' attribute is the registry
   identifier for the registry type in which the lookup operation is to
   take place. The <entityClass> element MUST contain the token
   identifying the index for which the lookup operation is to take
   place, and the <entityName> element MUST contain the name of the
   entity to lookup.

   The <query> element is abstract and MAY NOT legally appear in an XML
   instance. It provides the base type to be used by registry schemas
   to define derived query types.

2.3 Response Format

   The <response> element holds children of the different response
   types returned from a server to a client. 

2.3.1 <messsageStatus> Response

   The <messsageStatus> element MUST be returned to the client in
   response to any errors that would have disabled the processing of
   the corresponding request.

   The <messsageStatus> MUST contain one of these child elements: 

   o  <invalidXML> MUST be the response if the server is unable to
      correctly parse the corresponding request according to the rules
      of [5] and [4].

   o  <systemError> MUST be the response if the server is unable to
      process the corresponding request for any other reason.




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2.3.2 <serviceResult> Response

   The <serviceResult> element is a response to the <serviceInquiry>.

   This element MUST contain child elements of <registryID>. The
   contents of each child MUST contain one registry identifier. The
   <serviceResult> element MUST contain a <registryID> child element
   for each registry type for which the server allows queries.

2.3.3 <registryResult> Response

   The <registryResult> element is a response to a <registrySearch>
   request.

   The children MUST be one of the following types: 

   o  <result> is an abstract element and MAY NOT be legally placed in
      an XML instance. It provides the base type to be used by registry
      schemas to define derived result types. 

   o  The contents of <entityURI> is a URI. This element notifies the
      client of a reference to an entity. The URI SHOULD be an IRIS
      URI. Resolution of the URI is OPTIONAL by the client. 

   o  The <searchContinuation> element children MUST contain one
      <hostReference> element and one <registrySearch> element.
      Registry schemas MAY derive a new type from <hostReference> to
      match transport protocol needs. 

   o  The following error elements: 

      *  <insufficientResources> - the corresponding query requires
         resources unobtainable by the server. 

      *  <invalidName> - a name given in a query is not syntactically
         correct. 

      *  <invalidSearch> - parameters of the corresponding query are
         not semantically meaningful. 

      *  <limitExceeded> - the corresponding query requires more
         resources than allowed. 

      *  <nameNotFound> - the name given in a query does not match a
         known entity. 

      *  <permissionDenied> - the authentication given does not allow
         access to a specific result entry. This is not the same as
         denying access to all <registryResult> responses because of


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         failed authentication. 

      *  A derivative of <genericCode>.
















































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3. Extension Framework

   Because the IRIS schema defines no useful query types, no registry
   structure, and no result types, it is useless by itself. Extension
   of IRIS is accomplished through the use a base IRIS schema, as
   defined in XML_SD[4] and XML_SS[5], and extension of it by schemas
   constructed on top of IRIS. 

3.1 Derived Elements

   The XML Schema definition of IRIS requires schemas of registry types
   to derive element types from base types in the IRIS definition. The
   registry schemas MUST derive elements for definition of typed
   queries and results. 

   While the IRIS schema definition does not prohibit the derivation of
   any elements, registry schemas SHOULD restrict the derivations to
   the following types: 

   o  <query> - as defined this element contains no content and has no
      valid attributes. It is abstract and therefore only derivatives
      of it MUST appear in an XML instance. Registry schemas derive
      from this element to define the queries allowed.

   o  <result> - as defined this element contains no content and has no
      valid attributes. It is abstract and therefore only derivatives
      of it MUST appear in an XML instance. Registry schemas derive
      from this element to define results that may be returned from a
      query.

   o  <genericCode> - as defined, this element is an instance of
      codeType. Registry schemas MUST derive from this element and MUST
      NOT use it as it is an abstract element. It MAY contain the
      elements <explanation> and <language> to further describe the
      nature of the error.

   o  <entityClass> - as defined this element represents the identifier
      for an entity class. Registry schemas SHOULD derive from this
      element or MAY use it directly.

   o  <seeAlso> - contains one or more <entityURI> elements. This
      element indicates one or more references to entities that have
      indirect association with a parent element representing an
      entity. Registry schemas MAY derive from this element or MAY use
      it directly.

   o  <hostReference> - as defined this element contains a <scheme>,
      <host>, and <port> elements. Derivations SHOULD extend the
      content to include information necessary establishing sessions by


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      lower layer protocols, but MUST NOT restrict derivations to
      content less than what is defined. 

3.2 Registry Identifier Requirements

   The identifier for a registry and the XML namespace identifier used
   by the XML Schema describing the registry MUST be the same. These
   identifiers MUST be restricted to any valid URN[8]. 

   This is a restriction on XML_NS[3], which specifies an XML namespace
   identifier is any valid URI[7].

   When possible, registry identifiers SHOULD be URN's defined by
   XML_URN[13]. Because these URN's represent namespace identifiers
   which are to be used in XML documents for the purposes of XML
   namespaces as specified by XML_NS[3], they MUST be of the class "ns"
   as defined in XML_URN[13]. 

   In certain circumstances when registry identifiers are URN's defined
   by XML_URN[13] and the class component is "ns", they MAY be
   abbreviated to the part following the class component and its
   separator of the URN. For example, the full URN
   "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1" may be abbreviated to "dreg1", but
   the full URN "urn:otherOrg:ns:myreg1" cannot be abbreviated. The use
   of this abbreviation MUST be specifically noted for the set of
   conditions where it may be used, otherwise the full URN MUST be
   used. These circumstances and conditions MUST be specified in other
   sections of this document and other documents related to IRIS where
   it is used.

   This abbreviation MUST NOT be used inside of XML instances in use
   with IRIS where XML Schema[4] specifies the use of a URI for schema
   identification or where XML_NS[3] specifies the use of a URI for XML
   namespace identification.

3.3 Entity Classes

   Entity classes are provided in IRIS to help avoid collisions with
   entity names with in any given registry type. Their specification in
   queries also allows server implementations to quickly narrow search
   or lookup scopes to a single index. A registry schema derives the
   list of valid entity classes from the <entityClass> element.

   For instance, the entity name "10.0.1.1" would refer to separate
   entities in the "nameServer" and "network" classes. The entity
   "10.0.1.1" in the "nameServer" class may refer to the name server
   host that is also multi-homed by address 192.178.0.1 and known in
   DNS as "ns.foo.com", whereas the entity "10.0.1.1" in the "network"
   class may refer to the network 10.0.1/24.


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   IRIS defines one default entity class of "QUERY" which MAY NOT be
   redefined. This class is for the naming of canned queries by
   registries. Therefore an entity lookup of a canned query MAY result
   in a search continuation on the same registry. When used in URI's
   (see Section 4), this is a type of boot-strapping procedure.
   Therefore, the resolution of "iris://com/dreg1/QUERY/registrars" may
   result in the list of registrars currently registering domains. The
   set of canned queries are not specified by IRIS.

3.4 Names of Entities

   The names of entities in a registry schema MUST be of type
   normalizedString defined by XML_SD[4]. Their use SHOULD be
   transcribable. 

   Names of entities SHOULD be unique within an instance of any
   particular entity class within a registry. Two entities SHOULD NOT
   have the same name, but a single entity MAY be known by multiple
   names. In situations where a single name may result in two entities,
   the registry schema SHOULD make allowances by defining result types
   that contain entity references to both entities (i.e. "foo.com" can
   refer to both the domain foo.com and the host foo.com). However,
   this type of conflict SHOULD generally be avoided by the proper use
   of entity classes.

   When specifying elements that represent entities, registry schemas
   SHOULD attach the attribute of "thisEntityURI" with the datatype of
   anyURI as specified by XML_SD[4]. This aids clients in understanding
   which parts of a result set represent an entity. The URI value in
   the XML instance SHOULD be an IRIS URI.

3.5 References to Entities

   The element <entityURI> allows references to entities in result
   sets, either as a direct child of <registryResult> or within a more
   complex structure that derives from <result>. Registry schemas MUST
   NOT derive elements from this element so that clients will have a
   better understanding of what is and what isn't an entity reference.
   This is especially useful to clients when dealing with XML
   conversion technologies such as XPath.











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4. URI Requirements

   IRIS does not have single URI definition because of the dependencies
   on a URI by the mapping between IRIS and a transport protocol.
   However, any valid IRIS URI definition MUST meet the following
   requirements: 

   o  Using the layout form syntax of RFC2396[7], each IRIS URI MUST
      contain a <query> component within its <schema-specific-part>
      component. The <query> component MUST be composed of the registry
      identifier, a '/' (slash) character, the entity class, a '/'
      (slash) character, and the name of an entity within the registry.
      The layout form syntax of the <query> component MUST be: 
    <registry-id>/<entity-class>/<entity-name>

   o  The URI MUST be an absolute URI, therefore the scheme component
      is always present. 

   o  The URI MUST contain the <query> URI component as defined above.
      This component MUST contain the <registry-id> component, the
      <entity-class> component, and the <entity-name> component and
      therefore MUST always be an IRIS entity reference. 

   o  The <registry-id> component MAY be abbreviated according to
      Section 3.2.

   o  Each transport mapping MUST define a URI scheme. The scheme name
      MAY NOT be used by other IRIS transport mappings. 























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5. Database Serialization

   A database of IRIS entities can be serialized to file storage with
   XML[2] using the IRIS defined <irisSerialization> element. This
   element MUST only contain children which are a derivative of the
   <result> element, which SHOULD be elements describing entities.

   Because fragmentation is not defined in URI's for XML media
   types[14], the "file:" URI scheme cannot be safely used for
   serialization of entity URI's. Therefore, serialization of IRIS
   entity references SHOULD use the <serializedEntityURI> element
   instead of the <entityURI> element. This element is a derivative of
   the <entityURI> element. It contains the REQUIRED attributes
   "registryID", "entityClass", and "entityName". These attributes MUST
   be used to denote the unique identification of an entity. In
   addition, the OPTIONAL attribute "fileName" may also be used to
   specify the name of a file where the entity can be found.

   The actual content of the <serializedEntityURI> element MUST conform
   to the datatype of anyURI. A serialization process SHOULD attempt to
   formulate a valid IRIS URI to be placed in this element. If an
   element describing an entity contains the "thisEntityURI" attribute
   as specified in Section 3.4, the value of this URI should be equal
   to the value of the URI in any <serializedEntityURI> element
   referring to it.

   The following is an example of serialized IRIS.


   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <irisSerialization xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
     xmlns:iris="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1 iris.xsd" >

     <dreg:domain
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1"
       xmlns:dreg="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1"
       xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1 dreg.xsd"
       thisEntityURI="iris://com/dreg1/domainHandle/tcs-com-1" >
       <domainName>thecobblershoppe.com</domainName>
       <nameServers>
         <iris:serializedEntityURI
           registryID="dreg1"
           entityClass="hostHandle"
           entityName="research7"
           fileName="iris-out.xml">
           iris://com/dreg1/hostHandle/research7
         </iris:serializedEntityURI>


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         <iris:serializedEntityURI
           registryID="dreg1"
           entityClass="hostHandle"
           entityName="nsol184"
           fileName="iris-out.xml">
           iris://com/dreg1/hostHandle/nso1184
         </iris:serializedEntityURI>
       </nameServers>
       <holder>
         <contactHandle>beb140</contactHandle>
         <commonName>
           Bill Eckels
         </commonName>
         <organization>
           The Cobbler Shoppe
         </organization>
         <e-mail>
           bille@bjmk.com
         </e-mail>
         <address>
           21 North Main Street
         </address>
         <city>
           Britt
         </city>
         <region>
           IA
         </region>
         <postalCode>
           50423
         </postalCode>
         <country>
           US
         </country>
         <phone>
           515-843-3521
         </phone>
       </holder>
       <registry>
         <iris:serializedEntityURI
           registryID="dreg1"
           entityClass="contactHandle"
           entityName="VGRS"
           fileName="iris-out1.xml">
           iris://com/dreg1/contactHandle/VGRS
         </iris:serializedEntityURI>
       </registry>
     </dreg:domain>



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     <dreg:host
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1"
       xmlns:dreg="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1"
       xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:dreg1 dreg.xsd"
       thisEntityURI="iris://com/dreg1/hostHandle/nsol184" >
       <hostHandle>nsol184</hostHandle>
       <hostName>ns1.netsol.com</hostName>
       <ipV4Address>216.168.224.200</ipV4Address>
       <iris:serializedEntityURI
         registryID="dreg1"
         entityClass="contactHandle"
         entityName="mak21"
         fileName="iris-out.xml">
         iris://com/dreg1/contactHandle/mak21
       </iris:serializedEntityURI>
     </dreg:host>

   </irisSerialization>

































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6. Formal XML Syntax

   IRIS is specified in XML Schema notation. The formal syntax
   presented here is a complete schema representation of IRIS suitable
   for automated validation of IRIS XML instances. 


   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           xmlns:iris="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
           targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1"
           elementFormDefault="qualified" >

     <annotation>
       <documentation>
         Internet Registry Information Service (IRIS) Schema v1
       </documentation>
     </annotation>

     <element name="iris">
       <complexType>
         <choice>
           <element name="request"
             type="iris:requestType"
             minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
           <element name="response"
             type="iris:responseType"
             minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
         </choice>
       </complexType>
     </element>

     <complexType name="requestType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="serviceInquiry"
           type="iris:serviceInquiryType"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="registrySearch"
           type="iris:registrySearchType"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="serviceInquiryType" />

     <complexType name="registrySearchType" >
       <choice>
         <element name="lookupEntity"
           type="iris:lookupEntityType" />


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         <element ref="iris:query" />
       </choice>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="queryType"/>

     <element name="query"
       type="iris:queryType"
       abstract="true" />

     <simpleType name="entityClassType">
       <restriction base="token">
       </restriction>
     </simpleType>

     <element name="entityClass"
       type="iris:entityClassType" />

     <simpleType name="entityURIType">
       <restriction base="anyURI" />
     </simpleType>

     <simpleType name="thisEntityURIType">
       <restriction base="anyURI" />
     </simpleType>

     <simpleType name="baseentityClassType">
       <restriction base="iris:entityClassType">
         <enumeration value="QUERY" />
       </restriction>
     </simpleType>

     <element name="baseentityClass"
       type="iris:baseentityClassType"
       substitutionGroup="iris:entityClass" />

     <complexType name="lookupEntityType" >
       <sequence>
         <element name="entityName" type="token" />
         <element ref="iris:entityClass" />
       </sequence>
       <attribute name="registryID"
         type="anyURI" use="required" />
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="responseType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="messageStatus"
           type="iris:messageStatusType"


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           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="serviceResult"
           type="iris:serviceResultType"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="registryResult"
           type="iris:registryResultType"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="messageStatusType" >
       <sequence>
         <choice>
           <element name="invalidXML"
             type="iris:codeType"
             minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
           <element name="systemError"
             type="iris:codeType"
             minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
         </choice>
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="codeType">
       <sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
         <element name="explanation" type="string" />
         <element name="language" type="language" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="serviceResultType" >
       <sequence>
         <element name="registryID"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
           <complexType>
             <simpleContent>
               <extension base="anyURI">
                 <attribute name="location" type="anyURI"
                   use="required" />
               </extension>
             </simpleContent>
           </complexType>
         </element>
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <element name="entityURI"
       type="iris:entityURIType" />



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     <complexType name="seeAlsoType">
       <sequence>
         <element ref="iris:entityURI"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <element name="seeAlso" type="iris:seeAlsoType" />

     <complexType name="registryResultType" >
       <sequence>
         <element ref="iris:result"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
         <element ref="iris:entityURI"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
         <element name="searchContinuation"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"
           type="iris:searchContinuationType" />
         <element name="insufficientResources"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element name="invalidName"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element name="invalidSearch"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element name="limitExceeded"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element name="nameNotFound"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element name="permissionDenied"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"
           type="iris:codeType" />
         <element ref="iris:genericCode"
           minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="resultType" />

     <element name="result"
       type="iris:resultType"
       abstract="true" />

     <complexType name="searchContinuationType">
       <sequence>


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         <element ref="iris:hostReference"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="registrySearch"
           type="iris:registrySearchType"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="hostReferenceType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="scheme" type="string"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="host" type="string"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
         <element name="port" type="positiveInteger"
           minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <element name="hostReference"
       type="iris:hostReferenceType" />

     <element name="genericCode" type="iris:codeType"
       abstract="true" />

     <complexType name="serializedEntityURIType">
       <simpleContent>
         <extension base="iris:entityURIType">
           <attribute name="registryID"
             type="anyURI" use="required" />
           <attribute name="entityClass"
             type="iris:entityClassType" use="required" />
           <attribute name="entityName"
             type="normalizedString" use="required" />
           <attribute name="fileName"
             type="anyURI" />
         </extension>
       </simpleContent>
     </complexType>

     <element name="serializedEntityURI"
       type="iris:serializedEntityURIType"
       substitutionGroup="iris:entityURI" />

     <element name="irisSerialization">
       <complexType>
         <sequence>
           <element ref="iris:result"
             minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded" />


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         </sequence>
       </complexType>
     </element>

   </schema>














































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7. Internationalization Considerations

   IRIS is represented in XML, which provides native support for
   encoding information using the double-byte Unicode character set and
   its more compact representations including UTF-8. Compliant XML
   processors are required to understand both UTF-8 and raw Unicode
   character sets; XML also includes a provision for identifying other
   character sets through use of an "encoding" attribute in an <?xml?>
   processing instruction. The complete list of character set encoding
   identifiers is maintained by IANA and is described in [15] and [9]. 









































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8. IANA Considerations

   XML schemas require a URI for unique identification. Schemas MUST be
   registered to ensure URI uniqueness, but the IETF does not currently
   have a recommended repository for the registration of XML schemas.
   This document uses URNs to describe XML namespaces and XML schemas.
   IANA SHOULD maintain a registry of XML namespace and schema URI
   assignments. Per policies described in [10], URI assignment requests
   SHOULD be reviewed by a designated expert, and values SHOULD be
   assigned only as a result of standards action taken by the IESG. 

   This document makes use of a proposed XML namespace and schema
   registry specified in XML_URN[13]. Accordingly, the following URN
   will need to be registered with IANA:

      urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:iris1



































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9. Security Considerations

   IRIS provides no authentication or privacy facilities of its own. It
   relies on the application-transport layer for all of these
   abilities. Implementers need to fully understand the
   application-transports employed by IRIS.

   Referral IRIS registry results may contain entity lookups and search
   continuations which result in a client query operation against
   another registry service. The authentication credentials used to
   obtain the registry results SHOULD NOT be used to conduct a
   subsequent entity lookup or search continuation. 







































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References

   [1]   Newton, A, "Cross Registry Internet Service Protocol (CRISP)
         Requirements", draft-ietf-crisp-requirements-00 (work in
         progress), August 2002.

   [2]   World Wide Web Consortium, "Extensible Markup Language (XML)
         1.0", W3C XML, February 1998, 
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210>.

   [3]   World Wide Web Consortium, "Namespaces in XML", W3C XML
         Namespaces, January 1999, 
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114>.

   [4]   World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes", W3C
         XML Schema, October 2000, 
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/>.

   [5]   World Wide Web Consortium, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures",
         W3C XML Schema, October 2000, 
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502/>.

   [6]   World Wide Web Consortium, "Extensible Stylesheet Language
         (XSL) Version 1.0", W3C XSL, November 2000, 
         <http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-xsl-20001121/>.

   [7]   Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R.T. and L. Masinter, "Uniform
         Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, August
         1998.

   [8]   Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.

   [9]   Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "ASSIGNED NUMBERS", RFC 1700, STD
         2, October 1994.

   [10]  Narten, T. and H.T. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
         IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 2434, BCP 26,
         October 1998.

   [11]  Newman, C., "Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP", RFC 2595,
         June 1999.

   [12]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
         Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997.

   [13]  Mealling, M, "The IETF XML Registry",
         draft-mealling-iana-xmlns-registry-03 (work in progress),
         November 2001.



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   [14]  Murata, M., St.Laurent, S. and D. Kohn, "XML Media Types", RFC
         3023, January 2001.

   [15]  <ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets>


Author's Address

   Andrew L. Newton
   VeriSign, Inc.
   21345 Ridgetop Circle
   Sterling, VA  20166
   USA

   Phone: +1 703 948 3382
   EMail: anewton@verisignlabs.com
   URI:   http://www.verisignlabs.com/


































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Appendix A. Document Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119[12]. 














































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Appendix B. Acknowledgements

   The terminology used in this document to describe namespaces and
   namespaces of namespaces is now much clearer thanks to the skillful
   debating tactics of Leslie Daigle. Previously, it was much more
   confusing.

   Many other technical complexities were proved to be unnecessary by
   David Blacka and have been removed. And his IRIS implementation has
   helped smooth out the rougher edges.









































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Appendix C. Considerations on XML-based RPC's

   Observations have been made about the similarity between IRIS and
   XML-based RPC mechanisms, specifically SOAP and XML-RPC. And while
   IRIS is not based on a general RPC mechanism, it could easily be
   modeled on top of one, especially SOAP. The use of XML-RPC and SOAP
   has been weighed, and its pay-off has been found to be
   unsatisfactory.

   XML-RPC and SOAP are abstraction layers intended to separate a
   programmer from the details of protocols and to allow the programmer
   to simply use structures and procedures native to a programming
   language (or genericized to only the RPC mechanism). The appeal is
   that the programmer needs to know very little about implementation
   details so that the task of gluing custom logic is inexpensive.
   Supposedly, with little to implement, the job can be done faster or
   easier.

   However, this appeal starts to vanish if the programmer must begin
   to go beyond the native language and familiar tools. And the nature
   of IRIS defined by the CRISP requirements tend to lead an
   implementer down this path. For example, the use of DNS via SRV or
   NAPTR resource records to locate authoritative servers is not
   available in the interfaces of XML-RPC and SOAP.

   Furthermore, XML-RPC and SOAP 1.0 are bound to HTTP. This use, or
   misuse, of HTTP violates RFC 3205. It is possible to put XML-RPC or
   SOAP 1.1 on other application-transports, but the overwhelming
   majority of SOAP and XML-RPC implementations are for HTTP.
   Therefore, chances are that an implementer may have to do this work
   as well.

   In addition, what makes XML-RPC or SOAP much more enticing than
   other similar XML-based mechanisms, such as XMOP or ebXML? And why
   just XML-based solutions? What makes them better than CORBA or DCOM?

   Finally, the intended use of IRIS is more akin to a directory
   service than a remote procedure interface. Basing it on a generic
   mechanism could easily go from lookup( domain ) to register( domain
   ). The latter being clearly out-of-scope for CRISP and rightly in
   the purview of PROVREG.










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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph
   are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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