Extended Optional Parameters Length for BGP OPEN Message

The Optional Parameters Length field in the BGP OPEN message is defined in the base BGP specification as one octet, thus limiting the Optional Parameters field in the OPEN message to 255 octets. Since BGP Capabilities are carried in the Optional Parameters field, and new BGP capabilities continue to be introduced, the limitation is a concern for BGP development. This document updates by extending, in a backward-compatible manner, the length of the Optional Parameters in BGP OPEN. This is done by using Optional Parameter Type 255 as a distinguished value, that indicates an extended Optional Parameters Length field follows. In this case the Parameter Length field of the individual Optional Parameters in the BGP OPEN message is also extended.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

This document reserves Optional Parameter Type code 255 as the "Extended Length" type code. In the event that the length of Optional Parameters in the BGP OPEN message does not exceed 255, the encodings of the base BGP specification MUST be used without alteration. (However, an implementation MUST accept an OPEN message that uses the encoding of this specification even if the length of Optional Parameters is 255 or less.) However, if the length of Optional Parameters in the BGP OPEN message does exceed 255, the OPEN message MUST be encoded according to the procedure below.

If the length of Optional Parameters is greater than 255, the extended encoding defined here MUST be used. The (non-extended) length field, shown in the figure as "Non-Ext OP Len", MUST be set to 255. The subsequent octet (which would be the first Optional Parameter Type in the non-extended format, and shown in the figure as "Non-Ext OP Type") MUST be set to 255 as well. The subsequent two octets ("Extended Opt. Parm. Length") carry the actual length. In addition, the "Parameter Length" field of each Optional Parameter is enlarged to two octets. Other than the larger sizes of the given fields, there is no change to the BGP OPEN message defined in . When receiving an OPEN, a BGP speaker determines the extended encoding is in use if the Non-Extended Optional Parameter Type field is 255. In this case, the BGP speaker MUST use the Extended Optional Parameters Length field in lieu of the encoding to determine the length of Optional Parameters contained in the message. Accordingly, when the length of Optional Parameters in the BGP OPEN message is greater than 255, the OPEN message format is modified as shown above, using the first Optional Parameter Type field to indicate the use of the extended format: --> The Non-Extended Optional Parameters Length field (Non-Ext OP Len) SHOULD be set to 255 on transmission and in any event MUST NOT be set to 0, and MUST be ignored on receipt once the use of the extended format is determined positively by inspection of the Non-Extended Optional Parameters Type (Non-Ext OP Type) field. The subsequent one-octet field (that would be the first Optional Parameter Type field in the non-extended format, and is called "Non-Ext OP Type" in the figure above) MUST be set to 255 on transmission. On receipt, a value of 255 for this field is the indication that the extended format is in use. In this extended encoding, the subsequent two-octet field, termed the Extended Optional Parameters Length field, is an unsigned integer indicating the total length of the Optional Parameters field in octets. If the value of this field is zero, no Optional Parameters are present. Likewise, in that situation the Optional Parameters encoding is modified to be the following:

The rules for encoding Optional Parameters are unchanged with respect to those given in other than the extension of the Parameter Length field to be a two-octet unsigned integer. In parsing an OPEN message, if the one-octet "Optional Parameters Length" field is non-zero, a BGP speaker MUST use the value of the octet following the one-octet "Optional Parameters Length" field to determine both the encoding of the Optional Parameters length and the size of the "Parameter Length" field of individual Optional Parameters. If the value of this field is 255, then the encoding described above is used for the Optional Parameters length. Otherwise the encoding defined in is used. This encoding is chosen for backward compatibility reasons - - a BGP speaker which has not been upgraded to support this specification may legitimately send Optional Parameters whose length equals exactly 255, thus the Optional Parameters Length field alone is insufficient as an indicator. However, such a speaker would never legitimately send an Optional Parameter whose type code is 255, since that value has been reserved by this specification. The choice to mandate that when the extended encoding is in use, the (non-extended) Optional Parameters Length field must be 255 was made for backward compatibility with implementations of earlier versions of this specification. When the extended encoding is in use, the value 0 MUST NOT be used in that field since the presence of that value could have the effect of causing a message parser to never inspect the following octet. -->

If a BGP speaker supporting this specification (a "new speaker") is peering with one which does not (an "old speaker") no interoperability issues arise unless the new speaker needs to encode Optional Parameters whose length exceeds 255. In that case, it will transmit an OPEN message which the old speaker will interpret as containing an Optional Parameter with type code 255. Since by definition the old speaker will not recognize that type code, the old speaker is expected to close the connection with a NOTIFICATION with an Error Code of OPEN Message Error and an Error Subcode of Unsupported Optional Parameters, according to Section 6.2 of . Although the above is the most likely error to be sent, it is not impossible that the old speaker might detect some other error first, such as a length error, depending on the details of the implementation. In no case would the peering be expected to establish successfully; the only question is which NOTIFICATION would be generated. We note that in any case, such a peering could not succeed, since by definition the extended length encoding would not be used by the new speaker unless the basic encoding was insufficient. --> Although the Optional Parameter Type code 255 is used in this specification as the indication that the extended encoding is in use, it is not a bonafide Optional Parameter Type in the usual sense, and MUST NOT be used other than as described above. If encountered as an actual Optional Parameter Type code, it MUST be treated as an unrecognized Optional Parameter and handled according to Section 6.2. It is not considered an error to receive an OPEN message whose Extended Optional Parameters Length value is less than or equal to 255. It is not considered a fatal error to receive an OPEN message whose (non-extended) Optional Parameters Length value is not 255, and whose first Optional Parameter type code is 255 -- in this case the encoding of this specification MUST be used for decoding the message. A warning MAY be logged.

IANA is requested to designate type code 255 in the BGP OPEN Optional Parameter Types registry as the Extended Length type code.

This extension to BGP does not change the underlying security or confidentiality issues inherent in the existing BGP .

The authors would like to thank Yakov Rekhter and Srihari Sangli for discussing various options to enlarge the Optional Parameters field. We would also like to thank Matthew Bocci, Bruno Decraene, John Heasley, Jakob Heitz, Pradosh Mohapatra, Keyur Patel and Hannes Gredler for their valuable comments.