BEHAVE M. Petit-Huguenin Internet-Draft Impedance Mismatch Intended status: Standards Track S. Nandakumar Expires: March 01, 2014 G. Salgueiro P. Jones Cisco Systems August 28, 2013 Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Uniform Resource Identifiers draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-06 Abstract This document specifies the syntax of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes for the Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) protocol. It defines two URI schemes to provision the TURN Resolution Mechanism [RFC5928]. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on March 01, 2014. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 1] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Definitions of the TURN and TURNS URI . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. URI Scheme Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2. URI Scheme Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. turnuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2. libjingle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3. Firefox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. TURN URI Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.2. TURNS URI Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Appendix B. Design Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Appendix C. Release notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 C.1. Modifications between petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-06 and petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-05 . . . . . . . . . . 10 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Introduction This document specifies the syntax and semantics of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme for the Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) protocol. The TURN protocol is a specification allowing hosts behind NAT to control the operation of a relay server. The relay server allows hosts to exchange packets with its peers. The peers themselves may also be behind NATs. RFC 5766 [RFC5766] defines the specifics of the TURN protocol. The "turn" and "turns" URI schemes are used to designate a TURN server (also known as a relay) on Internet hosts accessible using the TURN protocol. With the advent of standards such as [WEBRTC], we anticipate a plethora of endpoints and web applications to be able to identify and communicate with such a TURN server to carry out the TURN protocol. This also implies those endpoints and/or applications to be provisioned with appropriate configuration required to identify Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 2] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 the TURN server. Having an inconsistent syntax has its drawbacks and can result in non-interoperable solutions. It can result in solutions that are ambiguous and have implementation limitations on the different aspects of the syntax and alike. The "turn/turns" URI scheme helps alleviate most of these issues by providing a consistent way to describe, configure and exchange the information identifying a TURN server. This would also prevent the shortcomings inherent with encoding similar information in non-uniform syntaxes such as the ones proposed in [WEBRTC], for example. [RFC5928] defines a resolution mechanism to convert a secure flag, a host name or IP address, an eventually empty port, and an eventually empty transport to a list of IP address, port, and TURN transport tuples. To simplify the provisioning of TURN clients, this document defines a TURN and a TURNS URI scheme that can carry the four components needed for the resolution mechanism. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] when they appear in ALL CAPS. When these words are not in ALL CAPS (such as "should" or "Should"), they have their usual english meanings, and are not to be interpreted as RFC 2119 key words. 3. Definitions of the TURN and TURNS URI 3.1. URI Scheme Syntax A TURN/TURNS URI has the following formal ABNF syntax [RFC5234]: turnURI = scheme ":" turn-host [ ":" turn-port ] [ "?transport=" transport ] scheme = "turn" / "turns" transport = "udp" / "tcp" / transport-ext transport-ext = 1*unreserved turn-host = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name turn-port = *DIGIT IP-literal = "[" ( IPv6address / IPvFuture ) "]" IPvFuture = "v" 1*HEXDIG "." 1*( unreserved / sub-delims / ":" ) IPv6address = 6( h16 ":" ) ls32 / "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32 / [ h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32 / [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32 / [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32 / [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 ":" ls32 Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 3] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 / [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" ls32 / [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 / [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 = 1*4HEXDIG ls32 = ( h16 ":" h16 ) / IPv4address IPv4address = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet dec-octet = DIGIT ; 0-9 / %x31-39 DIGIT ; 10-99 / "1" 2DIGIT ; 100-199 / "2" %x30-34 DIGIT ; 200-249 / "25" %x30-35 ; 250-255 reg-name = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims ) , , and are specified in [RFC3986]. The core rules and are used as described in Appendix B of RFC 5234 [RFC5234]. The , and components are passed without modification to the [RFC5928] algorithm. is set to false if is equal to "turn" and set to true if is equal to "turns" and passed to the [RFC5928] algorithm with the other components. 3.2. URI Scheme Semantics The TURN protocol supports sending messages over UDP, TCP or TLS- over-TCP. The "turns" URI scheme MUST be used when TURN is run over TLS-over-TCP (or in the future DTLS-over-UDP) and the "turn" scheme MUST be used otherwise. The required part of the "turn" URI denotes the TURN server host. As specified in [RFC5766] and [RFC5928], the part, if present, denotes the port on which the TURN server is awaiting connection requests. If it is absent, the default port is 3478 for both UDP and TCP. The default port for TURN over TLS is 5349. 4. Implementation Status Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section and the reference to [RFC6982] before publication. This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC6982]. The description of implementations in this section is intended to Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 4] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual implementation here does not imply endorsement by the IETF. Furthermore, no effort has been spent to verify the information presented here that was supplied by IETF contributors. This is not intended as, and must not be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist. According to [RFC6982], "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit". 4.1. turnuri Organization: Impedance Mismatch Name: turnuri 0.3.4 http://debian.implementers.org/stable/source/ turnuri.tar.gz Description: A reference implementation of this document and of RFC 5928 [RFC5928]. Level of maturity: Beta. Coverage: Fully implements this specification and RFC 5928. Licensing: AGPL3 Contact: Marc Petit-Huguenin . 4.2. libjingle Organization: Google Inc. Name: libjingle 0.7.1 https://code.google.com/p/chromium/ codesearch#chromium/src/third_party/libjingle/source/talk/app/ webrtc/peerconnection.cc Description: Libjingle is a set of components provided by Google to implement Jingle protocols XEP-166 (http://xmpp.org/extensions/ xep-0166.html) and XEP-167 (http://xmpp.org/extensions/ xep-0167.html). Level of maturity: Beta. Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 5] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 Coverage: Implements draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-01 without IPv6. Licensing: BSD 3-clauses license. Contact: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/ 4.3. Firefox Organization: Mozilla Name: Firefox Aurora 21 http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/ 6b5016ab9ebb Description: Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser. Level of maturity: Beta. Coverage: Implements draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-03 without RFC 5928. Licensing: Mozilla Public License, v2.0. Contact: http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/ 5. Security Considerations Security considerations for the resolution mechanism are discussed in [RFC5928]. The "turn" and "turns" URI schemes do not introduce any specific security issues beyond the security considerations discussed in [RFC3986]. Security considerations for the resolution mechanism are discussed in Section 5 of [RFC5928]. Note that that section contains normative text defining authentication procedures to be followed by turn clients when TLS is used. 6. IANA Considerations This section contains the registration information for the "turn" and "turns" URI Schemes (in accordance with [RFC4395]). 6.1. TURN URI Registration URI scheme name: turn Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 6] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 Status: permanent URI scheme syntax: See Section 3.1. URI scheme semantics: See Section 3.2. Encoding considerations: There are no encoding considerations beyond those in [RFC3986]. Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name: The "turn" URI scheme is intended to be used by applications that might need access to a TURN server. Interoperability considerations: N/A Security considerations: See Section 5. Contact: Marc Petit-Huguenin Author/Change controller: The IESG References: RFCXXXX [[NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: Please change XXXX to the number assigned to this specification, and remove this paragraph on publication.]] 6.2. TURNS URI Registration URI scheme name: turns Status: permanent URI scheme syntax: See Section 3.1. URI scheme semantics: See Section 3.2. Encoding considerations: There are no encoding considerations beyond those in [RFC3986]. Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name: The "turns" URI scheme is intended to be used by applications that might need access to a TURN server over a secure connection. Interoperability considerations: N/A Security considerations: See Section 5. Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 7] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 Contact: Marc Petit-Huguenin Author/Change controller: The IESG References: RFCXXXX [[NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: Please change XXXX to the number assigned to this specification, and remove this paragraph on publication.]] 7. Acknowledgements Thanks to Margaret Wasserman, Magnus Westerlund, Juergen Schoenwaelder, Sean Turner, Ted Hardie, Dave Thaler, Alfred E. Heggestad, Eilon Yardeni, Dan Wing, Alfred Hoenes, and Jim Kleck for the comments, suggestions and questions that helped improve the draft-petithuguenin-behave-turn-uri-bis document. Many thanks to Cullen Jennings for his detailed review and thoughtful comments on the draft-nandakumar-rtcweb-turn-uri document. Thanks to Bjoern Hoehrmann, Dan Wing, Russ Housley, S. Moonesamy, Graham Klyne, Harald Alvestrand, Hadriel Kaplan and Tina Tsou for the comments, suggestions and questions that helped improve this document. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to Dan Wing for his assistance in shepherding this document. We also want to thank Gonzalo Camarillo, the Real-time Applications and Infrastructure Director, for sponsoring this document as well his careful reviews. The and ABNF productions have been copied from the and ABNF productions from [RFC3986]. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005. [RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 8] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 [RFC5766] Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and J. Rosenberg, "Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5766, April 2010. [RFC5928] Petit-Huguenin, M., "Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Resolution Mechanism", RFC 5928, August 2010. 8.2. Informative References [RFC4395] Hansen, T., Hardie, T., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes", BCP 35, RFC 4395, February 2006. [WEBRTC] Bergkvist, A., Burnett, D., Jennings, C., and A. Narayanan, "WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers", World Wide Web Consortium WD WD- webrtc-20120821, August 2012, . [RFC6982] Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running Code: The Implementation Status Section", RFC 6982, July 2013. Appendix A. Examples Table 1 shows how the , and components are populated from various URIs. For all these examples, the component is populated with "example.org". +---------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+ | URI | | | | +---------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+ | turn:example.org | false | | | | turns:example.org | true | | | | turn:example.org:8000 | false | 8000 | | | turn:example.org?transport=udp | false | | UDP | | turn:example.org?transport=tcp | false | | TCP | | turns:example.org?transport=tcp | true | | TLS | +---------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+ Table 1 Appendix B. Design Notes o The ABNF in this document duplicates the , , and productions and other dependent productions from [RFC3986], instead of referencing them. This is because the definitions in RFC 3986 are for hierarchical URIs, so Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 9] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 using these references in an opaque URI made reviewers think that a hierarchical URI parser could be used to parse the URIs defined in this document. o One recurring comment was to stop using the suffix "s" on URI scheme, and to move the secure option to a parameter (e.g. ";proto=tls"). We decided against this idea because the STUN URI does not have a ";proto=" parameter and we would have lost the symmetry between the TURN and STUN URIs. A more detailed account of the reasoning behind this is available at o Following the advice of RFC 4395 section 2.2., and because the TURN URI does not describe a hierarchical structure, the TURN URIs are opaque URIs. o is not used in the URIs because it is deprecated [RFC3986]. and are not used in the URIs because they do not guide the resolution mechanism. o As discussed at IETF 72 in Dublin, there is no generic parameters in the URI to prevent compatibility issues. Appendix C. Release notes This section must be removed before publication as an RFC. C.1. Modifications between petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-06 and petithuguenin-behave-turn-uris-05 o Remove the , , and ABNF productions and other dependant productions, added references to RFC 3986, and modified the design note to warn developers against using a hierarchical URI parser. o Update the normative reference for RFC 6982, refresh the boilerplate, moved the download links into the name item. o Modify the release notes to add "auth" to the list of parameters not supported. o Add clarification that RFC 5766 and 5928 are the references for finding the default port. o Add paragraph in security section making clear tha reading RFC 5928 section 5 is essential. Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 10] Internet-Draft TURN URIs August 2013 Authors' Addresses Marc Petit-Huguenin Impedance Mismatch Email: petithug@acm.org Suhas Nandakumar Cisco Systems 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 US Email: snandaku@cisco.com Gonzalo Salgueiro Cisco Systems 7200-12 Kit Creek Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 US Email: gsalguei@cisco.com Paul E. Jones Cisco Systems 7025 Kit Creek Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 US Email: paulej@packetizer.com Petit-Huguenin, et al. Expires March 01, 2014 [Page 11]