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Verisign Labs

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ART regext The Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) does not inherently support internationalized email addresses because the specifications for these addresses did not exist when EPP was developed. This document describes a command-response extension that adds support for associating an additional email address with an EPP contact object. That additional email address can be either an internationalized email address or an ASCII-only address.

Introduction The framework for internationalized email addresses is described in . This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) command-response extension that adds support for adding a second email address to the EPP contact object mapping . The syntax for the email address associated with the base contact object is described in . The second email address can be either an ASCII-only email address or an internationalized SMTPUTF8 email address . This second address can be used to identify an alternate ASCII-only email address for use in case of primary address delivery issues. It can also be used to identify an SMTPUTF8 address for contact purposes, in which case the ASCII-only address can be used in case of SMTPUTF8 address delivery issues. While this extension adds support for an additional email address to contact objects, and that additional email address can be an SMTPUTF8 address, it does not in any way update or change any other EPP extension that includes an email address. Adding support for SMTPUTF8 addresses to those extensions will require an update to the relevant extension specifications. In cases where a contact object contains two email addresses, all users of these addresses should be aware that either address may be forwarded to the other. This implies that a message sent to an ASCII-only address may receive a reply from an SMTPUTF8 address or vice versa.

Conventions Used in This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. XML is case sensitive. Unless stated otherwise, XML specifications and examples provided in this document MUST be interpreted in the character case presented in order to develop a conforming implementation. In examples, "C:" represents lines sent by a protocol client, and "S:" represents lines returned by a protocol server. Indentation and white space in the examples are provided only to illustrate element relationships and are not REQUIRED in the protocol. The XML namespace prefix "addlEmail" is used for the namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp:addlEmail-1.0", but implementations MUST NOT depend on it and instead MUST employ a proper namespace-aware XML parser and serializer to interpret and output the XML documents.

Email Address Specification The EPP contact object mapping normatively references as the specification for email address syntax. That specification does not include support for internationalized email addresses. provides an overview and describes the framework for internationalized email. SMTPUTF8 email address syntax is described in . extends the Mailbox, Local-part, and Domain ABNF rules in to support "UTF8-non-ascii" (defined in ) for the local-part and to support U-label (defined in ) for the domain. The validation rules described in MUST be followed when processing internationalized email addresses associated with this extension.

Additional Email Address Element A second email address can be set using the <addlEmail:addlEmail> element with the command-response extensions defined in . The <addlEmail:addlEmail> element contains the following child element:

<addlEmail:email>:

An element following the syntax in for defining a second ASCII or SMTPUTF8 address. An empty <addlEmail:email/> element unsets the second email address in the Update Command () and indicates the second email is not set in the Info Response (). The <addlEmail:email> element contains an OPTIONAL "primary" attribute that can be used to indicate that the extension email address should be treated as the primary email address for the extended contact object. The "primary" attribute MUST NOT be present if the <addlEmail:email> is empty.

Additional email address considerations:

• The value set for the <contact:disclose><contact:email/> "flag" attribute (described in ) MUST also be applied to all additional email addresses that are added by a contact extension.
• Any address included in an extension is intended to be an additional address that is associated only with the primary <contact:email> address, and support for any other additional email addresses MUST explicitly describe how the additional addresses are associated with the existing addresses.

Extension Considerations

Signaling Client and Server Support As described in , the client and the server can signal support for the extension using a namespace URI in the login and greeting extension services, respectively. The namespace URI "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp:addlEmail-1.0" is used to signal support for the extension. The client includes the namespace URI in an <svcExtension> <extURI> element of the <login> command . The server includes the namespace URI in an <svcExtension> <extURI> element of the greeting .

Extension Behavior

Extension Negotiated If both client and server have indicated support for SMTPUTF8 addresses during session establishment, they MUST be able to process an SMTPUTF8 address in any extended contact object during the established EPP session. Server and client obligations when this extension has been successfully negotiated in the EPP session are described below. The server MUST satisfy the following obligations when support for this extension has been negotiated:

• Accept SMTPUTF8-compliant addresses for the extended contact object in the EPP session.
• Support email address validation based on the SMTPUTF8 validation rules defined in .
• Store email properties that support internationalized characters.
• Return SMTPUTF8-compliant addresses for the extended contact object in EPP responses.
• Support the SMTP extension for internationalized email described in when sending or receiving email.

The client MUST satisfy the following obligations when support for this extension has been negotiated:

• Provide SMTPUTF8-compliant addresses for the extended contact object in the EPP session.
• Accept SMTPUTF8-compliant addresses for the extended contact object in EPP responses.
• Support the SMTP extension for internationalized email described in when sending or receiving email.

Extension Not Negotiated An extended contact object MUST NOT be provided or returned by either an EPP client or an EPP server when support for this extension is not successfully negotiated at the start of an EPP session.

EPP Command Mapping A detailed description of the EPP syntax and semantics can be found in the EPP core protocol specification . This section defines the provisioning of an alternate email address.

EPP Query Commands EPP provides three commands to retrieve object information: <check> to determine if an object can be provisioned, <info> to retrieve information associated with an object, and <transfer> to retrieve object-transfer status information.

EPP <check> Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <check> command or <check> response described in .

EPP <info> Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <info> command response described in . If the query is successful, the server replies with an <addlEmail:addlEmail> element () along with the regular EPP <resData>.

Example <info> Contact Response Using the <addlEmail:addlEmail> Extension with No Alternate Email Address S: S: S: S: Command completed successfully S: S: S: S: sh8013 S: SH8013-REP S: S: S: S: John Doe S: Example Inc. S: S: 123 Example Dr. S: Suite 100 S: Dulles S: VA S: 20166-6503 S: US S: S: S: +1.7035555555 S: +1.7035555556 S: jdoe@example.com S: ClientY S: ClientX S: 1999-04-03T22:00:00.0Z S: ClientX S: 1999-12-03T09:00:00.0Z S: 2000-04-08T09:00:00.0Z S: S: 2fooBAR S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: ABC-12345 S: 54322-XYZ S: S: S:]]>

Example <info> Contact Response Using the <addlEmail:addlEmail> Extension with an Alternate ASCII Email Address S: S: S: S: Command completed successfully S: S: S: S: sh8013 S: SH8013-REP S: S: S: S: John Doe S: Example Inc. S: S: 123 Example Dr. S: Suite 100 S: Dulles S: VA S: 20166-6503 S: US S: S: S: +1.7035555555 S: +1.7035555556 S: jdoe@example.com S: ClientY S: ClientX S: 1999-04-03T22:00:00.0Z S: ClientX S: 1999-12-03T09:00:00.0Z S: 2000-04-08T09:00:00.0Z S: S: 2fooBAR S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: jdoe-alt@example.net S: S: S: S: ABC-12345 S: 54322-XYZ S: S: S:]]>

Example <info> Contact Response Using the <addlEmail:addlEmail> Extension with an SMTPUTF8 Primary Email Address S: S: S: S: Command completed successfully S: S: S: S: sh8013 S: SH8013-REP S: S: S: S: John Doe S: Example Inc. S: S: 123 Example Dr. S: Suite 100 S: Dulles S: VA S: 20166-6503 S: US S: S: S: +1.7035555555 S: +1.7035555556 S: jdoe@example.com S: ClientY S: ClientX S: 1999-04-03T22:00:00.0Z S: ClientX S: 1999-12-03T09:00:00.0Z S: 2000-04-08T09:00:00.0Z S: S: 2fooBAR S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: S: 麥克風@example.com S: S: S: S: ABC-12345 S: 54322-XYZ S: S: S:]]>

EPP <transfer> Query Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <transfer> query command or <transfer> query response described in .

EPP Transform Commands EPP provides five commands to transform objects: <create> to create an instance of an object, <delete> to delete an instance of an object, <renew> to extend the validity period of an object, <transfer> to manage object sponsorship changes, and <update> to change information associated with an object.

EPP <create> Command This extension defines additional elements to extend the EPP <create> command described in . The EPP <create> command provides a transform operation that allows a client to create an instance of an object. In addition to the EPP command elements described in , the command MUST contain a child <addlEmail:addlEmail> element () for the client to set an alternate email address.

Example <create> Command to Create a Contact Object with an Alternate ASCII Email Address C: C: C: C: C: sh8013 C: C: John Doe C: Example Inc. C: C: 123 Example Dr. C: Suite 100 C: Dulles C: VA C: 20166-6503 C: US C: C: C: +1.7035555555 C: +1.7035555556 C: jdoe@example.com C: C: 2fooBAR C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: jdoe-alt@example.net C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C:]]>

Example <create> Command to Create a Contact Object with a Primary SMTPUTF8 Email Address C: C: C: C: C: sh8013 C: C: John Doe C: Example Inc. C: C: 123 Example Dr. C: Suite 100 C: Dulles C: VA C: 20166-6503 C: US C: C: C: +1.7035555555 C: +1.7035555556 C: jdoe@example.com C: C: 2fooBAR C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: 麥克風@example.com C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C:]]>

This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <create> response described in .

EPP <delete> Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <delete> command or <delete> response described in .

EPP <renew> Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <renew> command or <renew> response described in .

EPP <transfer> Command This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <transfer> command or <transfer> response described in .

EPP <update> Command This extension defines additional elements to extend the EPP <update> command described in . The EPP <update> command provides a transform operation that allows a client to update an instance of an object. In addition to the EPP command elements described in , the command MUST contain a child <addlEmail:addlEmail> element () for the client to set or unset an alternate email address. If the alternate email address cannot be applied to the object, the server MUST return an EPP error result code of 2201.

Example <update> Command to Set a Contact Object with an Alternate ASCII Email Address C: C: C: C: C: sh8013 C: C: C: C: C: jdoe-alt@example.net C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C:]]>

Example <update> Command to Set a Contact Object with an Alternate SMTPUTF8 Email Address C: C: C: C: C: sh8013 C: C: C: C: C: 麥克風@example.com C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C:]]>

Example <update> Command to Unset a Contact Object Alternate Email Address C: C: C: C: C: sh8013 C: C: C: C: C: C: C: C: ABC-12345 C: C:]]>

This extension does not add any elements to the EPP <update> response described in .

Formal Syntax The EPP Additional Email Address Extension schema is presented here. The formal syntax shown here is a complete XML Schema representation of the object mapping suitable for automated validation of EPP XML instances. The <CODE BEGINS> and <CODE ENDS> tags are not part of the XML Schema; they are used to note the beginning and ending of the XML Schema for URI registration purposes.

EPP Additional Email Address Extension Schema Extensible Provisioning Protocol v1.0 additional email address schema. ]]>

IANA Considerations

XML Namespace This document uses URNs to describe XML namespaces and XML schemas conforming to a registry mechanism described in . The following URI assignments have been made by IANA: Registration for the addlEmail namespace:

URI:

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp:addlEmail-1.0

Registrant Contact:

IESG

XML:

None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML specification.

Registration for the addlEmail XML Schema:

URI:

urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:epp:addlEmail-1.0

Registrant Contact:

IESG

XML:

See of this document.

EPP Extension Registry The EPP extension described in this document have been registered by IANA in the "Extensions for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)" registry described in . The details of the registration are as follows:

Name of Extension:

Additional Email Address Extension for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)

Document Status:

Standards Track

Reference:

RFC 9873

Registrant Name and Email Address:

IESG, <iesg@ietf.org>

TLDs:

Any

IPR Disclosure:

None

Status:

Active

Notes:

None

Security Considerations As noted in Sections and of , unconstrained Unicode in email addresses can introduce a class of security threats that do not exist with ASCII-only email addresses. As EPP exists in ecosystems where email addresses passed in EPP are displayed in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) and other services, and copy-and-paste of these email addresses is common for businesses transferring domains via EPP, there should be safeguards against these threats. Therefore, use of the SMTPUTF8 email addresses as described in this document SHOULD be done with policies that disallow the use of unconstrained Unicode. The domain-part of these SMTPUTF8 email addresses SHOULD conform to IDNA2008 . The local-part of these SMTPUTF8 email addresses SHOULD be restricted to Unicode that does not introduce the threats noted in . One such possible solution would be to disallow characters outside of Unicode Annex 31 . As an email address is often a primary end user contact, an invalid email address may put communication with the end user at risk when such contact is necessary. In case of an invalid domain name in the email address, a malicious actor can register a valid domain name with a similar U-label (homograph attack) and assume control over the domain name associated with the contact using social engineering techniques. To reduce the risk of the use of invalid domain names in email addresses, registries SHOULD validate the domain name syntax in provided email addresses and validate whether the domain name consists of the code points listed in the "IDNA Rules and Derived Property Values" registry ). Note that the syntax for internationalized email local-parts is very liberal. Domains are normalized during MX lookup, while local-parts are unconstrained. Implementers may wish to test that their database is able to store difficult local-parts such as U+0061 U+0300 U+00E0. For more on normalization and these three code points, see .

Privacy Considerations The content of <addlEmail:email> elements can be processed by EPP clients and servers in the same way that <contact:email> elements are processed, including publication in directory services such as RDAP . Many data protection regulations recognize email addresses as personal data, so any policies governing the collection, transmission, and processing of contact information by EPP clients and servers should apply equally to <addlEmail:email> elements.

References Normative References W3C Recommendation W3C Recommendation Informative References Version 16.0.0 Latest version available at .

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and for their careful review and valuable comments.